Consider a 2d reality. A line might represent a sensory domain cascading into the memory of an observer/creature. From 'above' the memory makes up a growing canvas. A band of patterns rolling outward into memory.

If patterns perdendicular to the sensory domain, i.e congruent with the flow of time / mobility, were found to be duplicated, then a map could be assembled from those memory segments. And it would surely represent a map of the external 2d reality. A reality never directly 'perceived'.

Thus a higher dimensional map would arise spontaneously upon following a few computational rules.

So to recap, in a 2d world, a line might represent the maximum extent of a sensory domain. Changes to the line represent either changes in the environment or in the location of the perceiver (i.e. mobility). Such changes represent time.

Memories of perceptions over time have the potential to be stitched together into a 2d canvas representing a map of reality. A subsequent line perceived in reality, if aligned with the map, could orient the observer within the surrounding reality.

A higher level of perception could be considered as being like an 'observer platform' within a 3rd dimension above the memory canvas. Where it could simultaneously 'see' or 'witness' all the sensory lines connected together on the canvas 'below'.

Cognitive time is represented by the distance between two points on the memory canvas. There is an implied time component to go from one observation point to another. If the canvas is changing, then the changes can also represent time.

In a 3d world, the sensory lines are replaced by sensory sheets, and if these sheets are organised within memory to reflect a 3d map of perceptions, then a privilaged point of observation that could witness all maps simultaneously might be considered a quasi 4th dimensional observer.

This 4th dimensional platform, having a simultaneous view upon all 3d connected 2d sheets of sensory patterns, could perhaps 'see' into the 3rd dimension, the same way that the 3d platform could 'see' into the 2d world.

Time would represent a change in the point of observation. Or changes within the observed environment relative to the observer.

If the perceived memory patterns continue to be organized beyond the 3rd and on into the 4th dimension, i.e. perceived lines into sheets, sheets into cubes, cubes into multiple cubes. Then an observer platform would represent a theoretical point in the 5th spatial dimension from where all points, lines, sheets and cubes could be simultaneously observed. Time is again represented by the distance between two points through, or between the different cubes of space. This is akin to the many worlds theory of reality.

If a change occurs, it will disappear from one 3d universe of space and appear in another. Because the mind can see 'all' 3d spaces, it can follow the change. The mind knows 3d space and time by running a simulation of 4d space and observing from a 5th dimensional platform